According to Retraction Watch "Editors should question why authors cite retracted publications and unless the editor and the peer reviewers are convinced that the citation is essential, references to retracted articles should be removed".
Find terms indicating the retraction status of the article such as 'retracted', withdrawn etc. Use terms in the table below and combine with your topic. Exclude the set from the search results for identifying retractions and not using them in your research.
Below example shows retracted articles displayed on a PubMed search